1. Smelting iron from ore – direct and indirect
What happens in a bloomery?
The furnace
Burkina Faso
Cameroon - the ironmaster Dokwaza
Other films of African iron smelting
The commercial firm Documentary Educational Resources
South Asia in the 19th century
Scandinavia in the 18th century
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Bronson and Charoenwongsa’s description
Experimental smelting
A traditional blast furnace in Mazandaran, northern Iran
Traditional Chinese blast furnaces
Traditional blast furnaces in Sichuan and Chongqing
Traditional blast furnaces in Dabieshan
Blast furnaces in Chinese archaeology
A Han blast furnace at Guxingzhen, Zhengzhou, Henan
A Song blast furnace at Kuangshancun, near Handan, Hebei
Jin 金 dynasty blast furnaces in Heilongjiang
Blast furnaces in Song–Yuan China
Ming–Qing blast furnaces in Guangdong
Guangdong xinyu: ‘Goods’: ‘Iron’
Excavation of an English blast furnace from about 1600 CE
The economics of direct and indirect iron production
Comparative advantage
The traditional iron industry in Guangdong
Europe and China
A Han-dynasty bloomery in Guangxi
Archaeology
References on crucible smelting
An early modern Chinese cupola
An old-fashioned Chinese cupola
The small three-section cupola
Cupolas with the tuyère inserted through the mouth
Cupolas tapped by tilting
A 14th-century Chinese cupola furnace
Cupola furnaces in Chinese archaeology
Early bronze-melting cupolas
Warring States period iron cupolas
A Han-period iron cupola
Piece-moulds
Sand moulds
A combination of piece-moulding and sand-moulding – Tajiks in Afghanistan
Lost-wax casting
Ceramic moulds
Iron moulds
Stone moulds
4. Conversion of cast iron to wrought iron
The Swedish Walloon hearth
The Swedish Lancashire hearth
Puddling
Conversion to wrought iron according to Tian gong kai wu 天工开物
Conversion to wrought iron by solid-state decarburization
Chinese traditional cementation methods
Lower-temperature co-fusion
Higher-temperature co-fusion
6. The crafts of the blacksmith
The seven basic skills of a blacksmith
More blacksmith films
Films: Introduction to iron-carbon microstructures